Breast cancer is the most common cancer globally, impacting people across all regions and socioeconomic backgrounds. According to the World Health Organization, over 2.3 million new cases were diagnosed in 2023 alone, and 685,000 deaths were attributed to the disease. While survival rates are steadily improving thanks to better screening and treatment options, breast cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women.

Although October is widely recognized as Breast Cancer Awareness Month, it’s a subject that deserves attention throughout the year. Staying informed about the disease—its risk factors, warning signs, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and prevention strategies—can save lives.

What Is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast tissue grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. It most commonly starts in the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (lobular carcinoma), which are the glands that produce milk. While it primarily affects women, men can also develop breast cancer, although this is much less common.

Key Risk Factors

Breast cancer can develop in anyone, but several factors increase your risk:

• Gender: Women are at significantly higher risk than men.
• Age: Most cases are diagnosed after age 50.
• Genetics: Inherited mutations, particularly in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, account for about 5–10% of cases.
• Family History: Having a close relative with breast cancer increases your chances.
• Lifestyle Choices: Obesity, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking contribute to risk.
• Hormonal Factors: Extended use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), early menstruation, and late menopause are linked to higher risk.

Signs and Symptoms

Recognizing early signs of breast cancer is crucial for successful treatment. Common symptoms include:

• A lump in the breast or underarm
• Changes in breast size or shape
• Nipple discharge, especially if it’s bloody
• Skin dimpling or redness
• Pain in any part of the breast

While most breast lumps are not cancerous, any new changes should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If breast cancer is suspected, a mammogram—an X-ray of the breast—is typically the first diagnostic step. If abnormalities are found, additional tests like ultrasound or a biopsy may follow.

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer and may include:

• Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy)
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone therapy for hormone receptor-positive cancers
• Targeted therapy to attack specific cancer cell markers
• Immunotherapy to boost the body’s immune response

Prevention and Early Detection

While not all risk factors can be controlled, you can take steps to reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
• Be aware of your family history and consider genetic counseling
• Start regular screening mammograms at age 40 or earlier if high-risk
• Breastfeed if possible, as it’s been linked to reduced risk

Global Action Against Breast Cancer

Around the world, initiatives are making a difference. In India, government programs and NGOs offer free screenings and awareness campaigns. In the U.S., organizations like the Susan G. Komen Foundation and American Cancer Society fund research and patient support. The U.K.’s NHS offers free mammograms, and in Africa, efforts like the Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon initiative aim to improve screening and treatment access.

Breast cancer is a serious disease, but it is not unbeatable. With increased awareness, regular screenings, and early treatment, outcomes are improving worldwide. If you or someone you love is facing breast cancer, know that support and resources are available.

Stay informed, stay proactive, and encourage those around you to prioritize their breast health.

Watch this video. Don’t forget to Like, Share, and Subscribe!